Dara Horn

How did you become a writer?

Writing is less like a career choice and more like a disease; it’s like finding out you have asthma at age six, and then figuring out how to fit your life around it. If you are a writer, not writing isn’t really an option. You are writing all the time, no matter what or how and regardless of whether anyone is reading any of it. 

I became a writer because I was obsessed since childhood with time. I would get into bed at the end of the day and wonder, What happened to this day that just ended? Where did it go? To me, writing was a kind of technology designed to solve this problem. I started writing—journals, notebooks-- because of a desperate need to stop time, and only later became interested in how storytelling works. 

Because I was interested in preserving time rather than in making up stories at first, I decided in my teens that the way to do this was to become a journalist. Around age fourteen or fifteen I started publishing articles in magazines and newspapers, starting with local or special-interest magazines. One of my pieces for Hadassah Magazine, a national Jewish publication, was nominated for a National Magazine Award, which gave me a lot of exposure and enabled me to write for more publications. I worked at magazines like Time and Newsweek over the summers during college, still convinced I was going to be a journalist. But after college I won a scholarship to spend a year in England—and then got engaged to someone who couldn’t join me there. I found myself having an extremely lonely and depressing year, but I also suddenly had the time and mental space to experiment. I wrote my first novel that year, and published it when I came back to America, so that year was quite worth the heartache. I’ve now been married to my transatlantic fiance for almost 18 years, and with 5 novels and 4 children to show for it!

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.). 

I love novels that bend time, and novels that travel through multiple generations. When I was a teenager I came across certain books that really shaped my work. One was A.B. Yehoshua’s novel Mr. Mani, about five generations of a Jerusalem family with a suicidal gene. That book is written backwards: it starts with the most recent generation and works its way back to the 19thcentury, and it’s also written “sideways” in that we never meet the main characters directly, but rather hear about them through conversations with people who have encountered them by chance. That book is a kind of amazing archaeological puzzle where you peel back each layer to discover something astounding. I also read a book by Alan Lightman called Einstein’s Dreams, in which each chapter presents a different concept of time: in one chapter people live forever; in another people live for just one day; in another entropy moves backwards and chaos tends toward order; in another everyone knows the world will end at a particular time; in another people can travel to a place where time stops. There are no characters or plot in this book at all, but it amazed me just to see the possibilities of the imagination.

One author who influenced me enormously is Cynthia Ozick. My books all deal with Jewish history and culture, and at the time when I started writing, there were very few novelists in English who wrote about Judaism at all seriously; “Jewish” writers like Philip Roth were only interested in Judaism as a social identity and not at all in the actual content of Jewish tradition. Ozick, though, was writing novels that dove deep into the content of that tradition—not presenting this culture like it was an anthropological study, but engaging you through the plots of her stories in the philosophical questions posed by an ancient tradition that insisted on the meaning of the past, all while situating these stories in an American culture where the past is irrelevant. The idea that one could do this for an English language audience was revelatory to me.

When and where do you write? 

My personal life does not allow me to be picky about when and where I write. Before I had children, my natural schedule was to write from around 1 in the afternoon until around 9 or 10 at night. With four young children, I have been forced to become a morning person and to write while my children are in school. Likewise with place. Now I write in my living room at home while my house is empty, but when I lived in a small city apartment I wrote my books in libraries and coffee shops. It’s important for me to be alone, whether that means actually by myself or surrounded by strangers. I now live in a smallish town, so writing in public is harder because I am more likely to see people I know. 

What are you working on now? 

Oh no, don’t ask me that! I have a few creative projects on deck, though none of them are books: one is a TV show, and another is a card game. (If you know people in these industries, contact me and I’ll tell you all about them!) I tend to take about a year between finishing one novel and settling into another, because I’m busy promoting the new book and also because every time I finish a book it seems impossible to me that I will ever do that again. I’ve now been through this five times, so I’ve learned to be slightly less panicked about the lag between one book and the next, and to use that gap to experiment with other things. 

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block? 

I do go through periods between books where writing another book seems unfathomable, but it no longer scares me. As for the daily kind of “block,” well, having four young children took care of that for me. When you only have a few hours a day when you can realistically work, you have no choice but to make the most of that time! Once I’m involved in a book, I obligate myself to write at least four pages for every day I’m able to work (translation: every school day when no one is home sick, the school isn’t closed for snow, there isn’t some kind of kids’ event or doctor’s appointment or teacher meeting....with four kids, these things take out an alarming number of days!). These pages don’t have to be good. They just have to be done. Raising four children is frankly so intense and demanding that a novel can’t even slightly compare. It’s a pleasure to be writing, and it’s certainly no longer something I voluntarily avoid!

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received? 

I only took one writing class in my adult life, during my freshman year of college, and I got worse grades in it than I got in economics. After the class ended, I went to see the professor. I told her I had always wanted to be a writer, but now I was doing better in economics than I was in her class, and I wanted to know if she had any advice for me. She advised me to become an economist. That was the first and last time anyone ever gave me any writing advice.

What’s your advice to new writers?

My advice to new writers is to get published before you attempt to publish a book. (Let’s be real about this. No one wants advice about writing. They want advice about publishing!) You can be secretly writing a novel for years, but no one is going to publish your novel unless you already have a track record of getting your name out there, in really any form possible. Concentrate on slapping your byline in as many places as possible—pitch to everyone and everywhere until things start to land, and then keep going. Then, when you finish the book, you’ll be giving whoever sees it a reason to actually open it. 

Dara Horn is the author of five novels and has received numerous national awards, including two National Jewish Book Awards and recognition as one of Granta’s Best Young American Novelists. A scholar of Hebrew and Yiddish literature, she has taught these subjects at Harvard University, Sarah Lawrence College and City University of New York, and lectures frequently around the country. She lives in New Jersey with her husband and four children.

David Madden

How did you become a writer?

Unclear what “how” means, but about when? From age 3, I told stories, orally. I started writing stories based on movies when I was in the 5th grade; also poetry, pretty soon by the 7th grade radio dramas, biography of Chopin. Foot high stack of writings before I ever read a book. First one was GOD’S LITTLE ACRE by Erskine Caldwell. 

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.).

No teachers until 11th grade when a university professor commented on a stack of my stories, teaching me more in one session than I was to learn later. Writers: Erskine Caldwell, Thomas Wolfe, James Joyce, Hemingway. 

When and where do you write? 

Anytime, anywhere. 

What are you working on now? 

At age 85, having published 60 books, I am finishing My Creative Life in the Army, Autobiography of My Mother [her pov], An Activist In the Ivory Tower [essays], Revising Nonfiction [I created the term “creative nonfiction”], novels: The Killing Dream, The Wreckage of Dreams, etc.

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block? 

See #4. Obviously not. Mastery of the craft of fiction enables me always to be able to write and/or revise on any given day. (See my legendary book Revising Fiction)

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received?

Imagine the most effective words = style. In the beginning was the word.

What’s your advice to new writers?

Read as a writer, write as an artist, eschew subjectivity.

Born and raised in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1933, David Madden graduated from U-Tenn., served in the Army, earned an M.A. at San Francisco State, and attended Yale Drama School on a John Golden Fellowship. Writer-in-residence at LSU from 1968 to 1992, Director of the Creative Writing Program 1992-1994, Founding Director of the United States Civil War Center 1992-1999, he is now LSU Robert Penn Warren Professor of Creative Writing., Emeritus, living in Black Mountain, NC.

In l961, Random House published his first novel, The Beautiful Greed, based on his Merchant seaman experiences. For Warner Brothers, he adapted his second novel, Cassandra Singing, to the screen (not yet produced). The Shadow Knows, a book of stories, won a National Council on the Arts Award, judged by Hortense Calisher and Walker Percy. His second collection, The New Orleans of Possibilities, appeared in 1982. His stories have been reprinted in numerous college textbooks and twice in Best American Short Stories. A Rockefeller Grant, recommended by Robert Penn Warren and Saul Bellow, enabled him to work in Venice and Yugoslavia on his third novel, Bijou, a 1974 Book of the Month Club Alternate Selection. His best-known novel, The Suicide's Wife, was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize and made into a CBS movie. Pleasure-Dome, On the Big Wind, Sharpshooter: A Novel of the Civil War, Abducted by Circumstance, and London Bridge in Plague and Fire are his most recent novels. His third book of stories, The Last Bizarre Tale, appeared in August of 2014. 

His poems and short stories have appeared in a wide variety of publications, from Redbook and Playboy to The Southern Review and Botteghe Oscure. His plays have won many state and national contests. The Tangled Web of the Civil War and Reconstruction {essays] appeared in 2015. 

He has given lectures at many conferences and dramatic readings from his fiction at over 200 colleges and universities. David Madden: A Writer for All Genres consists of original essays by scholars and creative writers on Madden’s writings.

David Cay Johnston

How did you become a writer? 

I won so many speech contests that the old County News in Aptos, Calif., a weekly, asked me to write a column about my high school. After a few columns they had me write a feature -- 400 words that took me six hours for which I got 20-cents an inch ($1.50 in today's money). Then they asked me to cover the school board, followed by the Santa Cruz city council and the county supervisors. At 18, the San Jose Mercury recruited me. I was hired for the next staff writer opening, when I was 19. Within a few weeks my byline was on The Mercury front page.

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.).

Boyd Haight, John Howe and Fred Westphal, Mercury editors, taught me to not speak about a story until I had written the lede so the insight was not lost, to use active verbs, that clarity matters most and when you have time use it to polish, polish and polish.

Thomas E. Wark of The New York Times, whom I wrote for starting at age 22 as a stringer, taught me to be both lean and fact rich by insisting a piece come in at a precise length, say 282 words. 

Ladd Neumann of the Detroit Free Press taught me structure, the hardest skill to learn.

Jonathan Miller, an airline magazine editor, taught me to loosen up and think about imagery.

Norman Mailer, who wrote about me in The Executioner's Song, taught me that accuracy does not equal truth, which must be distilled from the specific facts, though in investigative reporting strict fidelity to facts is required. 

They and many others, all now long gone. to whom I am indebted all taught me to focus on doing my best — including doing better on each new tomorrow. That they are all men illustrates newsroom hiring bias.

And my many students — when I taught news writing at the University of Southern California and magazine writing at UCLA Extension in the 80s — forced me to learn how to articulate the reasons underlying edits.

When and where do you write?

Mostly I write in my home office with a view of my gardens or, when the weather allows, at a table in my garden. But I can write anywhere if I must. 

Between ages 27 to 35, when I did many long L.A. Times pieces (up to 7,000 words) I first wrote long hand on a legal pad, then on a keyboard, after which I would print out the draft, reading it over and over and over until the words became nonsense. Eventually clarity and sharp focus would reveal burrs — the wrong verb, a misplaced dependent clause, too many words separating two concepts. 

What are you working on now? 

I have several long magazine investigative assignments, but I am also finishing my book proposing a whole new federal tax system for the 21st Century economy while building files for three other planned books.

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block? 

Only when I took a project because of the money rather than a desire to tell the story. With two exceptions I never finished any project I took on just for the money. 

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received?

Tell readers what they don't know that matters and do the work to make the unknown and complex clear and easy for readers to understand.

What’s your advice to new writers?

Read relentlessly to learn how to write. 

Learn bylines (books, magazines, newspapers) so you don't waste your time on bad writers.

When a writer transports you from one place or idea to another, review how the writer made that seamless transition — and the reasons the transition made sense — so you can do the same. 

Write with verbs and nouns. Use adverbs and adjectives sparingly. 

Listen to what people tell you, not what you want to hear. Always ask, “is there anything you wish I had asked you?” and then sit silently.

Be generous with people’s spoken comments. Writers get to polish our words so be kind, fair — and fearless.

Remember that numbers acquire meaning only in relation to other numbers. Overcome innumeracy.

Long stories need an arc. The end should loop back to the start.

Get a compact Oxford English Dictionary (and buy dictionaries of all kinds all your life) to study the changing meaning of words. 

Learn to take editing. Your best friends are editors who make you look better than you deserve. Seek them out and honor them always. Avoid bad editors like death itself.

Learn the rules of writing (Strunk & White, etc.) until you have mastered them. Then you can then violate those rules and maybe even forge new ones. 

And study the movie Finding Forrester, watching it repeatedly until you appreciate every subtlety, especially about “soup questions,” conjunctions, the unobservant and the quiet nobility of the human spirit.  

David Cay Johnston is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter and author of seven books, four of them New York Times bestsellers. In 1968, at age 19, became the youngest staff writer at the San Jose Mercury, going on to report for the Detroit Free PressLos Angeles TimesPhiladelphia Inquirer and The New York Times, which he left in 2008.  

Johnston is a former president of Investigative Reporters & Editors, has lectured on journalistic techniques, ethics and tax policy on every continent except Antarctica and for eight years taught the  law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law. He earned enough college credits for one, and perhaps two, masters degrees, but does not hold any degree because he skipped most lower division requirements.

Johnston is the father of eight grown children. He lives in Rochester, New York, with his wife Jennifer Leonard, the CEO of the Rochester Area Community Foundation.