Avram Alpert

How did you become a writer?

I find this question flattering, because for most of my adult life I’ve been more scholar than writer. But over the past few years, I have indeed been working to take the lessons I learned from years of study and try to find meaningful ways to communicate them to broader audiences. Doing this is a way of reconnecting with an impulse that I’ve always felt about how writing—both fiction and nonfiction—can help us to build a world that is full of decency and meaningfulness for everyone. I thought being a writer as a profession would be too hard, and that university life would provide security. It turns out that I was quite wrong—security is vanishing everywhere. I don’t think I could be a writer outside of the idea that writing is about creating some universal conditions for stability.

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.).

Ever since I came across it in my undergraduate studies, I’ve been inspired by Edward Said’s definition of the intellectual as an amateur, that is, someone who is “moved not by profit or reward but by love for and unquenchable interest in the larger picture, in making connections across lines and barriers, in refusing to be tied down to a specialty, in caring for ideas and values despite the restrictions of a profession.” I find myself almost incapable of doing very narrow or technical work (as much as I respect those who do). I feel recognition in Said’s definition of a vocation to pursue different kinds of study, writing, and action. I get regular inspiration from writers who embody these ideals and cross between genres and between scholarly and public writing. W.E.B. Du Bois is a remarkable example. As are the existentialists—Sartre, de Beauvoir, Fanon, Camus.

When and where do you write?                                                                                               

I write when I feel that it is time. I used to write mostly at night. Now I tend to write in the late morning and afternoon. I often write when I am supposed to be doing something else. There’s something about the pressure, and the slight disobedience, that makes we want to write. 

I am a little fastidious about my setup because of back problems. I need a good ergonomic arrangement. Over the years, I’ve learned how to recreate this in less-than-ideal conditions. That’s important because I like how my environment shifts my writing. I write differently in the woods than in the city. And when I can’t get my setup right, I write longhand, which also changes how my thoughts translate onto the page. These different modes of writing bring out different aspects of my thinking. I hope to create writings that provide that rich texture of the plurality we experience as humans. 

What are you working on now? 

I am usually working on a variety of projects. I’m finishing one book on the idea of a “good-enough life” and starting a new one on what it would mean to be wise today. I’ve got a screenplay and a novella that I tinker with endlessly. And I have two collaborative projects with friends—a graphic novel and a series of short stories—that I am particularly excited about. I don’t, however, work all the time. I like to work in bursts and keep separate time for leisure and especially to be with friends and family and meet new people.

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block? 

Not really. And—perhaps it’s a lie I tell myself—I assume that if I am not writing one day it’s just because my body or mind is telling me that the idea or story is not ready, and that it will come out worse in the end if I try to write too soon. So if I can’t write, I assume that’s for the best, and I pace around or give it a few days and try again.

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received?

I’m not good with bests. But I was listening to George Saunders give an interview the other day. And he talked about his writing process as sitting with a text and letting a kind of positive or negative meter register each sentence. The trick was learning how not to ignore the meter, and also not to register false positives because the mind just wants the writing to be good. This made a lot of intuitive sense to me and referred me back to a lot of moments in my own writing, both good and bad. Sometimes deadlines or other pressures force us to turn the meter off. But I think he’s right: if you have the patience and endurance, you can eventually feel mostly positive about every word in whatever you’ve written.

What’s your advice to new writers?

There’s a lot of advice out there on how to write. I think the most important thing is to find how you write—what your rhythm is, what makes sense for you. A trick that works for one person may not be universally applicable. Sometimes it makes sense; sometimes it doesn’t. Try things out but don’t assume that just because a writer you like said it worked for them that it will work for you.

I think there’s a difference when it comes to the profession of being a writer. Because here we need a little more universality. One thing that really matters today is that writers are part of the creation of new institutions that provide stability and purpose to more people pursuing writing careers. Writing, like so much else today, is a kind of pyramid scheme, with a few very successful able to make a career and the vast majority scraping by, regardless of talent. The poet Donald Justice said it very well some years ago, “There is a randomness in the operation of the laws of fame that approaches the chaotic.” This chaos is bad for everyone. I think part of being a writer today means addressing the structural problems.

Avram Alpert teaches writing at Princeton University. He is the author of Global Origins of the Modern Self, from Montaigne to Suzuki (2019), A Partial Enlightenment: What Modern Literature and Buddhism Can Teach Us About Living Well Without Perfection (2021), and the forthcoming Beyond Greatness: A Good-Enough Life for All (2022). He is also coeditor of Shifter magazine and codirector of the Interdisciplinary Art and Theory Program, a free school for artists and writers in New York. He has written cultural criticism for outlets including the New York Times, the Washington PostAeon, the Brooklyn Rail, and Truthout.

Jen Palmares Meadows

How did you become a writer?

I’ve always written. In middle school, I kept a regular journal and wrote short essays and little slice-of-life pieces that I shared with friends. After my early start, staying a writer was a matter of consistently choosing writing for myself. I went to grad school for creative writing. I belong to a writing community, attend literary events, and read as much as I can. But mostly, I write. 

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.).

There are many, but I’ll name some that stand out in my mind—Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictee, Sandra Cisneros’ House on Mango Street, Maggie Nelson’s Bluets. Also, Ray Bradbury, Carole Maso, Chinua Achebe, and Kahlil Gibran. I also must mention my seventh grade English teacher, Mrs. Sophia Linnell, who encouraged my writing and introduced me to so much wonderful literature by writers like Langston Hughes, Shirley Jackson, and Sophocles. 

When and where do you write?

I often do first draft work on my phone because it is easily accessible. Whether in line at the pharmacy or picking up my kids from school, if I can get in ten minutes of writing, it’s worthwhile. My more intense revision, I do on my laptop, early in the morning or late at night when I can work undisturbed.

What are you working on now?

A coming of age gambling memoir centered around my Filipino family and our frequent trips to Las Vegas when I was growing up.

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block?

I recently had a pretty good stretch of writer’s block. What helped me get back on track was joining a local writing group that met twice a week. I belong to an incredibly supportive community made up of women writers of color that provides accountability and a space to work through my writing challenges.   

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received?

The best writing advice is straight forward and often repeated: Read a lot. Write a lot. Put in the work. Lately, a bit of writing advice I’ve been holding on to comes from my friend, Valerie Fioravanti. Once, when I was being very critical of a draft I’d been working on, she said simply, “Don’t judge a cookie when it’s half baked.” The simple metaphor helped me set aside doubt and trust in the revision process. 

What’s your advice to new writers?

Cultivate a rich inner life and let it escape on the page. Be a kind, thoughtful person and you’ll always have something meaningful to write about and say.   

Jen Palmares Meadows writes from the Sacramento Valley. Her essays have been published in Lit HubFourth Genre, The RumpusThe Los Angeles Review, and elsewhere. She is a Millay Colony Fellow and a Sustainable Arts Foundation grant recipient. She is currently at work on a coming of age gambling memoir. You can visit her at jenpalmaresmeadows.com.

Jonathan Petropoulos

How did you become a writer?

Writing is part of the job when one is an academic (“publish or perish”), but, like most of my cohort, I write for other reasons besides survival. Writing clearly satisfies a need to express oneself and to communicate with others. It’s also a craft where one can hone skills, and I have enjoyed evolving as a writer—in my case, loosening up a bit and enjoying telling a story. While I want my books to make a contribution in terms of scholarship, I’m also interested in making my work more accessible and engaging. I have derived satisfaction from people who have said they are “enjoying” Göring’s Man

Name your writing influences (writers, books, teachers, etc.).

I suppose I go back to my graduate training at Harvard with Charles Maier and Simon Schama—both brilliant individuals and talented writers. Maier, my Doktorvater, asks the best questions of anyone I have ever encountered, and his voice has remained with me over the years. As I process information or tell a story, I hear his many questions about what happened and why (and why is that important)? Simon Schama is remarkably erudite and eloquent—he sets a standard that I will never match--but in particular, I admire the manner in which he makes an event or object come to life, and the way he drives home a point or offers an insight. With both his presentations and his prose, his mastery of the English language helps make him an extraordinary teacher who connects with his audience. I would add that if required, I would point to Ian McEwan as my favorite writer: the way he masters a subject and transports the reader into different worlds is brilliant and magical. 

When and where do you write?

I am a plodder and like my routine. During summers and sabbaticals, I work in my home office and write from 8 a.m. until about 2 p.m. Ideally, I’ll then go for a swim or get some other exercise, and then come back in the afternoon to do “library work” (read and prepare for the next day’s writing).

What are you working on now?

I have a new book project about the end of the Third Reich. I am writing it with my colleague and partner, Wendy Lower, who also just finished a book. We are both at Yale University on sabbatical this semester, enjoying the hunting and gathering, as well as the conceptual phase of the project.

Have you ever suffered from writer’s block?

I rarely suffer from writer’s block, and this is for two reasons. First, I don’t always write sequentially. I will jump around and work on a section that I feel prepared to write (rather like filming a movie out of sequence). So, with book projects, I can usually find something to work on. Second, I tell myself that everything is subject to revision, and this seems to have a liberating effect. I tell myself that everything is provisional and that I can come back and fix it. Just get down a first draft…

What’s the best writing advice you’ve ever received?

Good writing is about re-writing. Very few of us can craft perfect prose on the first draft.

What’s your advice to new writers?

Find a topic you love—where it doesn’t seem like a chore to pursue a project. If one is a historian, like I am, look for sources that are special. If one finds a diary, or letters, or a trove of documents, well, it’s a huge advantage to have sources that are special. With my current book on Nazi art plunderer Dr. Bruno Lohse, I interviewed him for 9 years and obtained many of his private papers upon his death. I knew that someone else could write his biography, but it wouldn’t be my story.

Jonathan Petropoulos is the John V. Croul Professor of European History at Claremont McKenna College in Southern California. Previously, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard University (1990), where he also had an appointment as a Lecturer in History & Literature. He began working on the subject of Nazi art looting and restitution in 1983, when he commenced graduate work in history and art history. He is the author of Art as Politics in the Third Reich (University of North Carolina Press, 1996); The Faustian Bargain: The Art World in Nazi Germany (Oxford University Press, 2000); Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany (Oxford University Press, 2006); Artists Under Hitler: Collaboration and Survival in Nazi Germany (Yale University Press, 2014); and Göring’s Man in Paris: The Story of a Nazi Art Plunderer and his World” (Yale University Press, 2021), and has helped edit a number of other volumes.

From 1998 to 2000, Dr. Petropoulos served as Research Director for Art and Cultural Property on the Presidential Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, where he helped draft the report, Restitution and Plunder: The U.S. and Holocaust Victims’ Assets (2001). He has also served as an expert witness in a number of cases where Holocaust victims have tried to recover lost artworks. This includes Austria v. Altmann, which involved six paintings by Gustav Klimt claimed by Maria Altmann and other family members (five were returned).

He is a Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.